{
  "site": {
    "name": "Paraphrase Pass",
    "domain": "paraphrasepass.com",
    "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com",
    "tagline": "A field guide to AI text: who marks it, who detects it, who rewrites it.",
    "description": "Paraphrase Pass is an independent, dated directory of AI text watermarks, detectors, paraphrasing tools, research, policy and news sources, published for people and for AI agents. No affiliate links.",
    "last_updated": "2026-10-31"
  },
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "watermarks",
      "title": "Marks and provenance",
      "short": "Watermarks",
      "lede": "How the big model providers now tag their own output, what the tags can and cannot tell you, and the open standards around them.",
      "entries": [
        {
          "id": "synthid",
          "name": "SynthID for text",
          "org": "Google DeepMind",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/models/synthid/",
          "cost": "Built into Gemini. Detector portal for images, audio and video; text detection through the open-source library.",
          "note": "A statistical watermark that tilts word choice while the model writes. Applied to text in the Gemini app since May 2024. The method was published in Nature in October 2024 and released as an open-source library with Hugging Face, so anyone can apply and detect a mark with their own key.",
          "caveat": "Detection needs the key that made the mark, so a Gemini mark can only be checked by Google or by a party Google authorises.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/watermarks/synthid/"
        },
        {
          "id": "synthid-text-library",
          "name": "synthid-text library",
          "org": "Google DeepMind on GitHub",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/synthid-text",
          "cost": "Free, Apache 2.0 licence.",
          "note": "Reference implementation of the text watermark for Hugging Face Transformers. Useful for anyone who wants to watermark their own model's output, or to study how the signal behaves after editing.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/watermarks/synthid-text-library/"
        },
        {
          "id": "synthid-dev-docs",
          "name": "SynthID safeguard documentation",
          "org": "Google AI for Developers",
          "url": "https://ai.google.dev/responsible/docs/safeguards/synthid",
          "cost": "Free documentation.",
          "note": "Developer guide to applying SynthID to Gemma and Gemini outputs, with the configuration options and the trade-offs between mark strength and output quality.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/watermarks/synthid-dev-docs/"
        },
        {
          "id": "claude-watermark",
          "name": "Claude text watermark",
          "org": "Anthropic",
          "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-text-watermark",
          "cost": "Applied automatically. Detection API in private preview for eligible organisations.",
          "note": "Announced August 14, 2026 and updated September 1, 2026. A version of SynthID-Text applied globally to future Claude models, with models released before August 2, 2026 to follow over the coming months. Detection uses Anthropic's key and answers only whether Claude likely wrote part of a passage. Access is open by application to regulators, law enforcement, media, fact-checkers, researchers, educators, EU civil society groups and enterprises with EU compliance duties.",
          "caveat": "Anthropic's own words: light editing probably will not remove the mark completely; a complete rewrite where every word is replaced will.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/watermarks/claude-watermark/"
        },
        {
          "id": "textgrain",
          "name": "textGrain",
          "org": "OpenAI",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/eu-text-provenance/",
          "cost": "Opt-in for API customers worldwide, off by default. Rolling out to ChatGPT and Codex output in the EU only. Detector by application.",
          "note": "Announced October 5, 2026. OpenAI reports that at a 1 percent false positive rate its detector found the mark in about 95 percent of 400-token passages and about 80 percent of 200-token passages, with lower rates on constrained text such as mathematics. Detector access is limited to approved researchers and expert organisations. OpenAI says it plans to open-source the technique.",
          "caveat": "In OpenAI's own evaluation, replacing 10 percent of words with synonyms cut detection on 400-token passages from about 92 to 66 percent, and replacing 25 percent cut it to 17 percent.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/watermarks/textgrain/"
        },
        {
          "id": "c2pa",
          "name": "C2PA Content Credentials",
          "org": "Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity",
          "url": "https://c2pa.org/",
          "cost": "Open specification. Free verification at contentcredentials.org.",
          "note": "A signed manifest that travels with a media file and records where it came from and what was done to it. Widely adopted for images, audio and video by camera makers, creative software and the large model providers. The EU Code of Practice treats secured metadata like this as one of its two marking layers.",
          "caveat": "Coverage for plain text is thin, because text is usually copied without any file container to carry a manifest.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/watermarks/c2pa/"
        },
        {
          "id": "content-credentials-verify",
          "name": "Content Credentials verify tool",
          "org": "Content Authenticity Initiative",
          "url": "https://contentcredentials.org/",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Drop in an image, video or audio file and read any attached C2PA manifest, including the signing organisation and recorded edits.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/watermarks/content-credentials-verify/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "detectors",
      "title": "Detectors",
      "short": "Detectors",
      "lede": "Classifiers that guess whether text came from a model. None of them is proof, every vendor publishes its own accuracy numbers, and the independent evidence is thinner than the marketing.",
      "entries": [
        {
          "id": "turnitin",
          "name": "Turnitin AI writing detection",
          "org": "Turnitin",
          "url": "https://www.turnitin.com/solutions/topics/ai-writing/",
          "cost": "Institutional licence, sold as an add-on to Turnitin Originality and iThenticate.",
          "note": "The detector most students meet. It reports a percentage of a submission that it judges likely AI-written. AI bypasser detection, announced August 27, 2025, flags text that humanizer tools may have rewritten and counts it toward the AI-generated total. Bypasser detection is trained and tested for English only.",
          "caveat": "Several universities have switched the AI indicator off over false-positive concerns. Turnitin's own guide says a score should start a conversation, not decide an outcome.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "No",
            "api": "Institutional",
            "humanizers": "Yes, English only (since Aug 2025)",
            "audience": "Schools and universities"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/turnitin/"
        },
        {
          "id": "turnitin-model-guide",
          "name": "Turnitin detection model guide",
          "org": "Turnitin",
          "url": "https://guides.turnitin.com/hc/en-us/articles/28294949544717-AI-writing-detection-model",
          "cost": "Free documentation.",
          "note": "Turnitin's own description of how the model is trained, what the percentage means, which languages are covered and where it says the score should not be used alone.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/turnitin-model-guide/"
        },
        {
          "id": "pangram",
          "name": "Pangram",
          "org": "Pangram Labs",
          "url": "https://www.pangram.com/",
          "cost": "Free checker with limits. Paid plans and an API.",
          "note": "A trained classifier that explicitly targets humanized text as well as raw model output. Pangram publishes its own comparisons and reports detection above 90 percent on high-quality humanized content.",
          "caveat": "Those figures are vendor-reported. No independent study of the same claim had been published when this entry was checked.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Limited",
            "api": "Yes",
            "humanizers": "Yes (vendor claim)",
            "audience": "Education, publishers, enterprise"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/pangram/"
        },
        {
          "id": "gptzero",
          "name": "GPTZero",
          "org": "GPTZero",
          "url": "https://gptzero.me/",
          "cost": "Free checker. Paid plans for volume and reports.",
          "note": "Education-focused detector with per-sentence highlighting, document reports and a writing-replay feature for Google Docs that shows how a draft was typed.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Yes",
            "api": "Yes",
            "humanizers": "Not stated",
            "audience": "Education"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/gptzero/"
        },
        {
          "id": "originality",
          "name": "Originality.ai",
          "org": "Originality.ai",
          "url": "https://originality.ai/",
          "cost": "Paid credits or subscription.",
          "note": "Built for publishers, agencies and SEO teams. Combines AI detection with plagiarism, readability and fact-check tools, and publishes its own benchmark studies.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Trial only",
            "api": "Yes",
            "humanizers": "Not stated",
            "audience": "Publishers and SEO teams"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/originality/"
        },
        {
          "id": "copyleaks",
          "name": "Copyleaks AI Detector",
          "org": "Copyleaks",
          "url": "https://copyleaks.com/",
          "cost": "Limited free use. Paid plans, LMS integrations and an API.",
          "note": "Enterprise and education detector that also covers source-code and plagiarism checks. Claims low false-positive rates in its own testing.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Limited",
            "api": "Yes",
            "humanizers": "Not stated",
            "audience": "Enterprise and education"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/copyleaks/"
        },
        {
          "id": "scribbr-detector",
          "name": "Scribbr AI Detector",
          "org": "Scribbr",
          "url": "https://www.scribbr.com/ai-detector/",
          "cost": "Free, no account needed.",
          "note": "A free checker from the academic editing service, with a premium tier for longer documents.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Yes",
            "api": "No",
            "humanizers": "Not stated",
            "audience": "Students"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/scribbr-detector/"
        },
        {
          "id": "sapling",
          "name": "Sapling AI Detector",
          "org": "Sapling",
          "url": "https://sapling.ai/ai-content-detector",
          "cost": "Free checker. Paid API.",
          "note": "Highlights sentences by estimated likelihood and ships as a browser extension.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Yes",
            "api": "Yes",
            "humanizers": "Not stated",
            "audience": "General, browser extension"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/sapling/"
        },
        {
          "id": "zerogpt",
          "name": "ZeroGPT",
          "org": "ZeroGPT",
          "url": "https://www.zerogpt.com/",
          "cost": "Free. Paid plans for volume.",
          "note": "One of the most-visited free checkers.",
          "caveat": "Independent tests often report inconsistent scores on the same text, so treat it as a rough signal.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Yes",
            "api": "Yes",
            "humanizers": "Not stated",
            "audience": "General"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/zerogpt/"
        },
        {
          "id": "writer-detector",
          "name": "Writer AI Content Detector",
          "org": "Writer",
          "url": "https://writer.com/ai-content-detector/",
          "cost": "Free for short passages.",
          "note": "A quick check from the enterprise writing platform, limited to short samples.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Yes, short text",
            "api": "No",
            "humanizers": "Not stated",
            "audience": "Marketing teams"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/writer-detector/"
        },
        {
          "id": "binoculars",
          "name": "Binoculars",
          "org": "Hans et al., open research code",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12070",
          "cost": "Free, open source.",
          "note": "A zero-shot method that compares how two related models score the same text, with no detector training data. Useful as an independent baseline when you do not trust a vendor's number.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "cmp": {
            "free": "Open source",
            "api": "Self-hosted",
            "humanizers": "Not applicable",
            "audience": "Researchers"
          },
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/detectors/binoculars/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "paraphrasers",
      "title": "Paraphrasers and humanizers",
      "short": "Paraphrasers",
      "lede": "Two kinds of rewriting tools. Paraphrasers change wording for clarity, tone or length. Humanizers are sold on one promise: that the rewritten text will pass a detector. The second group is why marks and detectors keep changing.",
      "groups": [
        {
          "id": "paraphrasers-general",
          "title": "Paraphrasers",
          "entries": [
            {
              "id": "quillbot",
              "name": "QuillBot",
              "org": "QuillBot (Learneo)",
              "url": "https://quillbot.com/",
              "cost": "Free up to 125 words per paraphrase. Premium subscription.",
              "note": "The most used paraphraser. Modes for fluency, formality, simplification, expansion and shortening, plus a grammar checker, summarizer and citation generator.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "cmp": {
                "free": "Yes, 125 words per pass",
                "scope": "Sentence to document, many modes",
                "languages": "Many",
                "audience": "Students and general writers"
              },
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/quillbot/"
            },
            {
              "id": "wordtune",
              "name": "Wordtune",
              "org": "AI21 Labs",
              "url": "https://www.wordtune.com/",
              "cost": "Free for 10 rewrites a day. Paid plans.",
              "note": "Sentence-level rewrites with casual and formal options, as a web app and browser extension.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "cmp": {
                "free": "Yes, 10 rewrites a day",
                "scope": "Sentence level",
                "languages": "English first",
                "audience": "Everyday writing"
              },
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/wordtune/"
            },
            {
              "id": "grammarly",
              "name": "Grammarly",
              "org": "Grammarly",
              "url": "https://www.grammarly.com/",
              "cost": "Free tier. Pro subscription.",
              "note": "Grammar and clarity first, with a paraphrase feature. The right choice when you want fewer changes rather than a full rewrite.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "cmp": {
                "free": "Yes",
                "scope": "Light rewording",
                "languages": "English",
                "audience": "Everyone; adds authorship tracking"
              },
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/grammarly/"
            },
            {
              "id": "deepl-write",
              "name": "DeepL Write",
              "org": "DeepL",
              "url": "https://www.deepl.com/write",
              "cost": "Free with limits. DeepL Pro.",
              "note": "Style and tone rewriting from the translation company. Strong on English and German, with alternatives offered per sentence.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "cmp": {
                "free": "Yes, limited",
                "scope": "Sentence and paragraph",
                "languages": "English and German strongest",
                "audience": "Non-native and professional writers"
              },
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/deepl-write/"
            },
            {
              "id": "languagetool-paraphraser",
              "name": "LanguageTool Paraphraser",
              "org": "LanguageTool",
              "url": "https://languagetool.org/paraphrasing-tool",
              "cost": "Free with limits. Premium.",
              "note": "Paraphrasing on top of an open-core grammar checker, available in many languages.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "cmp": {
                "free": "Yes, limited",
                "scope": "Sentence level",
                "languages": "Many",
                "audience": "Multilingual writers"
              },
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/languagetool-paraphraser/"
            },
            {
              "id": "scribbr-paraphraser",
              "name": "Scribbr Paraphrasing Tool",
              "org": "Scribbr",
              "url": "https://www.scribbr.com/paraphrasing-tool/",
              "cost": "Free.",
              "note": "A student-oriented paraphraser that pairs with Scribbr's citation and plagiarism tools.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "cmp": {
                "free": "Yes",
                "scope": "Sentence and paragraph",
                "languages": "Several",
                "audience": "Students"
              },
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/scribbr-paraphraser/"
            },
            {
              "id": "hemingway",
              "name": "Hemingway Editor",
              "org": "Hemingway",
              "url": "https://hemingwayapp.com/",
              "cost": "Free in the browser. Paid desktop app with AI rewrites.",
              "note": "A readability editor rather than a paraphraser. It shows what to cut and which sentences are hard to read, which is often what a draft actually needs.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "cmp": {
                "free": "Yes (web)",
                "scope": "Readability, not rewriting",
                "languages": "English",
                "audience": "Editors"
              },
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/hemingway/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "humanizers",
          "title": "Humanizers",
          "intro": "Listed so the landscape is complete, not as a recommendation. Each is a subscription rewriter whose marketing centres on passing AI detectors. Read the notes below the list before paying for any of them.",
          "entries": [
            {
              "id": "undetectable",
              "name": "Undetectable.ai",
              "org": "Undetectable AI",
              "url": "https://undetectable.ai/",
              "cost": "Subscription, priced by words per month.",
              "note": "The largest vendor in the category, with a bundled detector check.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/undetectable/"
            },
            {
              "id": "stealthgpt",
              "name": "StealthGPT",
              "org": "StealthGPT",
              "url": "https://www.stealthgpt.ai/",
              "cost": "Subscription.",
              "note": "Rewriter and essay generator marketed on detector results.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/stealthgpt/"
            },
            {
              "id": "writehuman",
              "name": "WriteHuman",
              "org": "WriteHuman",
              "url": "https://writehuman.ai/",
              "cost": "Free trial. Subscription.",
              "note": "Rewriter with a built-in detector score.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/writehuman/"
            },
            {
              "id": "hix-bypass",
              "name": "HIX Bypass",
              "org": "HIX.AI",
              "url": "https://hix.ai/",
              "cost": "Subscription within the HIX.AI suite.",
              "note": "One module of a larger writing suite.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/hix-bypass/"
            },
            {
              "id": "phrasly",
              "name": "Phrasly",
              "org": "Phrasly",
              "url": "https://phrasly.ai/",
              "cost": "Free tier. Subscription.",
              "note": "Student-oriented rewriter with a detector check.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/phrasly/"
            },
            {
              "id": "humbot",
              "name": "Humbot",
              "org": "Humbot",
              "url": "https://humbot.ai/",
              "cost": "Subscription.",
              "note": "Rewriter marketed on multiple detector results.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/humbot/"
            },
            {
              "id": "walter-writes",
              "name": "Walter Writes",
              "org": "Walter Writes AI",
              "url": "https://walterwrites.ai/",
              "cost": "Subscription.",
              "note": "Rewriter aimed at students and marketers.",
              "verified": "2026-10-31",
              "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/paraphrasers/walter-writes/"
            }
          ],
          "notes_title": "What to know before paying",
          "notes": [
            "Detectors now train on humanizer output. Turnitin added bypasser detection in August 2025 and Pangram reports high detection of humanized text. A rewriter that passed in 2024 can score as AI in 2026, and vendors rarely publish dated results.",
            "A paraphrase removes a watermark but does not remove the record. Google Docs history, Turnitin's typing replay, draft files and retrieval of prior model outputs are all used as evidence alongside scores.",
            "Academic integrity policies treat submitting rewritten model output as the student's own work as misconduct, whatever the score says.",
            "The model providers' own policies apply to anyone building a rewriter on their APIs. Both Anthropic's and OpenAI's usage policies restrict deceptive uses, including presenting generated text as human work.",
            "Google Ads prohibits advertising academic-dishonesty services, which is why this market is driven by affiliate reviews and search rankings rather than independent testing.",
            "The law is moving. The EU Code of Practice asks signatories to keep marks as non-removable as they can, and California's AI Transparency Act bars large platforms from knowingly stripping provenance data from January 1, 2027."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "research",
      "title": "Research and benchmarks",
      "short": "Research",
      "lede": "The papers that defined the field, and the benchmark that keeps score. Read these before trusting any accuracy claim.",
      "entries": [
        {
          "id": "kirchenbauer-2023",
          "name": "A Watermark for Large Language Models",
          "org": "Kirchenbauer et al., 2023",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10226",
          "cost": "Open access.",
          "note": "The green-list scheme that most later watermark work builds on: the model is nudged toward a secret subset of tokens, and a detector counts how often they appear.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/kirchenbauer-2023/"
        },
        {
          "id": "kirchenbauer-reliability",
          "name": "On the Reliability of Watermarks for Large Language Models",
          "org": "Kirchenbauer et al., 2023",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.04634",
          "cost": "Open access.",
          "note": "Tests marks against paraphrasing, copy-paste mixing and human rewriting. Finds that marks weaken but often remain detectable once enough text is available.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/kirchenbauer-reliability/"
        },
        {
          "id": "sadasivan-2023",
          "name": "Can AI-Generated Text be Reliably Detected?",
          "org": "Sadasivan et al., 2023",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11156",
          "cost": "Open access.",
          "note": "Argues that recursive paraphrasing defeats both classifiers and watermarks, and that detection gets harder as models get closer to human text.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/sadasivan-2023/"
        },
        {
          "id": "krishna-2023",
          "name": "Paraphrasing evades detectors of AI-generated text, but retrieval is an effective defense",
          "org": "Krishna et al., 2023",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13408",
          "cost": "Open access.",
          "note": "Introduces DIPPER, an 11-billion-parameter paraphraser, shows it breaks the detectors of the day, and proposes retrieval of previously generated outputs as a defence that paraphrasing cannot beat.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/krishna-2023/"
        },
        {
          "id": "liang-2023",
          "name": "GPT detectors are biased against non-native English writers",
          "org": "Liang et al., 2023, published in Patterns",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02819",
          "cost": "Open access.",
          "note": "Seven detectors flagged essays by non-native English speakers at an average false positive rate of 61.3 percent. More than 91 percent of the essays were flagged by at least one detector. The study behind most false-accusation coverage.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/liang-2023/"
        },
        {
          "id": "dathathri-2024",
          "name": "Scalable watermarking for identifying large language model outputs",
          "org": "Dathathri et al., Nature, October 2024",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08025-4",
          "cost": "Open access.",
          "note": "The SynthID-Text paper. Describes the tournament sampling method, the production deployment in Gemini, and quality tests across 20 million responses.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/dathathri-2024/"
        },
        {
          "id": "synthid-hf-blog",
          "name": "SynthID Text on Hugging Face",
          "org": "Google DeepMind and Hugging Face, October 2024",
          "url": "https://huggingface.co/blog/synthid-text",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "A practical walk-through of applying and detecting the mark with Transformers, with the code.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/synthid-hf-blog/"
        },
        {
          "id": "hans-2024",
          "name": "Spotting LLMs With Binoculars: Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text",
          "org": "Hans et al., 2024",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12070",
          "cost": "Open access.",
          "note": "Detection without training data, by contrasting two models' views of the same text. A common independent baseline.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/hans-2024/"
        },
        {
          "id": "raid",
          "name": "RAID benchmark",
          "org": "Dugan et al., 2024",
          "url": "https://raid-bench.xyz/",
          "cost": "Free, open data and leaderboard.",
          "note": "A shared benchmark of more than six million generations across models, domains, decoding settings and adversarial attacks, including paraphrasing. The public leaderboard is the closest thing to a neutral scoreboard for detectors. Paper at arXiv 2405.07940.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/raid/"
        },
        {
          "id": "nist-100-4",
          "name": "Reducing Risks Posed by Synthetic Content",
          "org": "NIST AI 100-4, 2024",
          "url": "https://www.nist.gov/publications/reducing-risks-posed-synthetic-content-overview-technical-approaches-digital-content",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "The US standards body's overview of provenance, watermarking and detection techniques, with their known limits. A good neutral primer.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/research/nist-100-4/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "policy",
      "title": "Policy and law",
      "short": "Policy",
      "lede": "The rules that now require marks, the platform policies that restrict removing them, and the dates that matter.",
      "entries": [
        {
          "id": "eu-ai-act-50",
          "name": "EU AI Act, Article 50",
          "org": "European Union",
          "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/50/",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "Transparency obligations. Providers of generative systems must mark output in a machine-readable way; deployers must disclose deepfakes and AI-written text published on matters of public interest. Applies from August 2, 2026, with a transition period for systems already on the market.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/eu-ai-act-50/"
        },
        {
          "id": "eu-code-of-practice",
          "name": "Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content",
          "org": "European Commission",
          "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-ai-generated-content",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "The voluntary route to Article 50 compliance. Final text published June 10, 2026; the Commission found it adequate on July 8, 2026. Signatories commit to a two-layer approach, secured metadata plus watermarks, and to keeping marks non-removable to the best of their ability.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/eu-code-of-practice/"
        },
        {
          "id": "eu-ai-act-text",
          "name": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, full text",
          "org": "EUR-Lex",
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "The Official Journal version of the AI Act, for the exact wording of Article 50 and the definitions it relies on.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/eu-ai-act-text/"
        },
        {
          "id": "california-ai-transparency",
          "name": "California AI Transparency Act (SB 942, amended by AB 853)",
          "org": "State of California",
          "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB853",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "AB 853 was signed October 13, 2025. Covered providers owe disclosures and detection tools from August 2, 2026. Large online platforms and generative AI hosting platforms are covered from January 1, 2027, including a ban on knowingly stripping provenance data. Capture device makers follow on January 1, 2028.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/california-ai-transparency/"
        },
        {
          "id": "anthropic-aup",
          "name": "Anthropic Usage Policy",
          "org": "Anthropic",
          "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/legal/aup",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "The rules for anyone building on Claude, including the deceptive-use section that covers passing generated text off as human work. Read it before building a rewriting tool on the API.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/anthropic-aup/"
        },
        {
          "id": "openai-usage-policies",
          "name": "OpenAI Usage Policies",
          "org": "OpenAI",
          "url": "https://openai.com/policies/usage-policies/",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "The equivalent rules for OpenAI models, with the same restrictions on deception and academic dishonesty.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/openai-usage-policies/"
        },
        {
          "id": "google-ads-dishonest",
          "name": "Google Ads policy: enabling dishonest behavior",
          "org": "Google",
          "url": "https://support.google.com/adspolicy/answer/6016086",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "Why you do not see humanizers advertised on Google. The policy bars ads for academic-dishonesty services, so the category competes on search rankings and affiliate reviews instead.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/google-ads-dishonest/"
        },
        {
          "id": "turnitin-bypasser-press",
          "name": "Turnitin bypasser detection announcement",
          "org": "Turnitin, August 27, 2025",
          "url": "https://www.turnitin.com/press/turnitin-expands-capabilities-amid-rising-threats-posed-by-ai-bypassers",
          "cost": "Free text.",
          "note": "The press release that opened the current round of the arms race, with the scope and language limits in its footnotes.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31",
          "page": "https://paraphrasepass.com/policy/turnitin-bypasser-press/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Where the news comes from",
      "short": "Sources",
      "lede": "The feeds we read to keep this site current. Vendor blogs announce changes first; the papers and the regulators decide whether they matter.",
      "entries": [
        {
          "id": "anthropic-news",
          "name": "Anthropic news",
          "org": "Anthropic",
          "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Watermark, detector-access and policy announcements for Claude.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "openai-news",
          "name": "OpenAI news",
          "org": "OpenAI",
          "url": "https://openai.com/news/",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "textGrain updates, EU rollout dates and provenance announcements.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "deepmind-blog",
          "name": "Google DeepMind blog",
          "org": "Google DeepMind",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/blog/",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "SynthID releases and research.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "pangram-blog",
          "name": "Pangram blog",
          "org": "Pangram Labs",
          "url": "https://www.pangram.com/blog",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Detector comparisons and humanizer analysis. Vendor-written, but unusually specific.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "gptzero-news",
          "name": "GPTZero news",
          "org": "GPTZero",
          "url": "https://gptzero.me/news",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Product changes and education-sector coverage.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "copyleaks-blog",
          "name": "Copyleaks blog",
          "org": "Copyleaks",
          "url": "https://www.copyleaks.com/blog",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Detection and plagiarism updates for enterprise and education.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "turnitin-release-notes",
          "name": "Turnitin release notes",
          "org": "Turnitin",
          "url": "https://guides.turnitin.com/hc/en-us/articles/27251688507533-Turnitin-release-notes",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Where detector model changes and report changes are logged, often before any press release.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "arxiv-cscl",
          "name": "arXiv cs.CL, recent",
          "org": "arXiv",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/list/cs.CL/recent",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Computation and language preprints, where most watermark and detection papers appear first.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "arxiv-cscr",
          "name": "arXiv cs.CR, recent",
          "org": "arXiv",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/list/cs.CR/recent",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Security preprints, including watermark attacks and robustness work.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "eu-digital-strategy",
          "name": "European Commission, AI-generated content policy page",
          "org": "European Commission",
          "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-ai-generated-content",
          "cost": "Free.",
          "note": "Official updates on the Code of Practice and Article 50 guidance.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "verge-ai",
          "name": "The Verge, AI",
          "org": "The Verge",
          "url": "https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence",
          "cost": "Free with limits.",
          "note": "General AI news with reliable coverage of provenance launches.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        },
        {
          "id": "404media",
          "name": "404 Media",
          "org": "404 Media",
          "url": "https://www.404media.co/",
          "cost": "Free with limits. Subscription.",
          "note": "Investigative reporting on AI misuse, detection failures and the humanizer market.",
          "verified": "2026-10-31"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "guides": [
    {
      "slug": "ai-text-watermarks-explained",
      "title": "How AI text watermarks work",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/ai-text-watermarks-explained/",
      "description": "A plain explanation of statistical text watermarks (SynthID, textGrain, the Claude watermark): how the mark is embedded in word choice, how detection works, why length matters, and what a positive result does and does not prove.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "synthid",
        "claude-watermark",
        "textgrain",
        "kirchenbauer-2023",
        "dathathri-2024",
        "synthid-text-library"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "which-ai-models-watermark-text",
      "title": "Which AI models watermark their text?",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/which-ai-models-watermark-text/",
      "description": "A dated table of which AI models and products apply a text watermark, where it applies, whether users can opt out, and who can detect it: Gemini, Claude, ChatGPT, Codex, the OpenAI API, and open-weight models.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "synthid",
        "claude-watermark",
        "textgrain",
        "synthid-text-library",
        "eu-ai-act-50"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "does-paraphrasing-remove-ai-watermarks",
      "title": "Does paraphrasing remove AI watermarks?",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/does-paraphrasing-remove-ai-watermarks/",
      "description": "Yes, a full rewrite removes a statistical text watermark, and light edits weaken it in proportion to how many words change. The numbers from Anthropic, OpenAI and the research literature, and what survives a rewrite.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "textgrain",
        "claude-watermark",
        "kirchenbauer-reliability",
        "sadasivan-2023",
        "krishna-2023",
        "raid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "ai-detector-accuracy",
      "title": "How accurate are AI detectors?",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/ai-detector-accuracy/",
      "description": "What detector accuracy claims mean, why vendor numbers are not comparable, the false positive problem for non-native writers, and where to find a fair comparison.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "liang-2023",
        "raid",
        "hans-2024",
        "turnitin-model-guide",
        "pangram",
        "originality"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "check-if-text-is-ai-generated",
      "title": "How to check whether text is AI-generated",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/check-if-text-is-ai-generated/",
      "description": "An honest method for checking text for AI generation: provider watermarks (gated), classifier detectors (fallible), provenance metadata (rare for text), and process evidence (the one that holds up). What each can and cannot tell you.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "claude-watermark",
        "textgrain",
        "synthid",
        "pangram",
        "gptzero",
        "binoculars",
        "raid",
        "content-credentials-verify"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "falsely-accused-of-using-ai",
      "title": "What to do when a detector flags your writing",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/falsely-accused-of-using-ai/",
      "description": "A practical guide for students and writers flagged by an AI detector: the evidence that proves your process, what the vendors themselves say about their scores, the research to cite, and how to respond.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "liang-2023",
        "turnitin-model-guide",
        "turnitin",
        "gptzero",
        "grammarly",
        "sadasivan-2023"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "turnitin-ai-detection",
      "title": "Turnitin AI detection, explained",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/turnitin-ai-detection/",
      "description": "How Turnitin's AI writing indicator works, what the percentage means, what bypasser detection added in August 2025, the language and length limits, and why some universities switched it off.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "turnitin",
        "turnitin-model-guide",
        "turnitin-bypasser-press",
        "turnitin-release-notes",
        "liang-2023"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "humanizers-and-detectors-arms-race",
      "title": "Humanizers versus detectors: the arms race",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/humanizers-and-detectors-arms-race/",
      "description": "How AI humanizer tools and AI detectors have chased each other since 2023, what changed when Turnitin and Pangram began training on humanizer output, and why no result from last year still holds.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "turnitin-bypasser-press",
        "pangram",
        "undetectable",
        "sadasivan-2023",
        "krishna-2023",
        "google-ads-dishonest",
        "anthropic-aup"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "eu-ai-act-article-50",
      "title": "EU AI Act Article 50, explained",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/eu-ai-act-article-50/",
      "description": "What Article 50 of the EU AI Act requires for AI-generated text, the provider and deployer duties, the August 2, 2026 start, the Code of Practice's two-layer marking approach, and what it does not require.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "eu-ai-act-50",
        "eu-code-of-practice",
        "eu-ai-act-text",
        "claude-watermark",
        "textgrain",
        "c2pa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "california-ai-transparency-act",
      "title": "California's AI Transparency Act, explained",
      "url": "https://paraphrasepass.com/guides/california-ai-transparency-act/",
      "description": "What California's AI Transparency Act requires after AB 853: provider disclosures and detection tools from August 2, 2026, platform provenance duties and the ban on stripping provenance from January 1, 2027, and capture-device rules from 2028.",
      "published": "2026-10-31",
      "related": [
        "california-ai-transparency",
        "c2pa",
        "eu-code-of-practice",
        "nist-100-4"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "generated": "2026-10-31",
  "entry_count": 62
}